- Marxism Theory: Class struggle, religion, theory of alienation, and Marxist criticism
- New Criticism approach by T.S. Eliot and Ronald Barthes
- New Historicism Explained
- Psychoanalysis and other related theories by Sigmund Freud
- Russian Formalism, Formalist Circles, and Defamiliarization
- Structuralism of Ferdinand de Saussure, Ronald Barthes, and Claude Levi Strauss
